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Pamela Swadling
Pamela Swadling worked as an archaeologist in PNG initially at UPNG, then at the Institute of PNG Studies. From 1978 to 1999, she was Curator of Prehistory at the National Museum. With Director Soroi Eoe and Jack Golson, she put Kuk on its long journey to becoming a World Heritage Site. She also initiated a series of draft booklets about the findings at Kuk, out of which there began to emerge in the early 2000s the Kuk book that we have today.
Ten Thousand Years of Cultivation at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea »
Publication date: July 2017
Kuk is a settlement at c. 1600 m altitude in the upper Wahgi Valley of the Western Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea, near Mount Hagen, the provincial capital. The site forms part of the highland spine that runs for more than 2500 km from the western head of the island of New Guinea to the end of its eastern tail. Until the early 1930s, when the region was first explored by European outsiders, it was thought to be a single, uninhabited mountain chain. Instead, it was found to be a complex area of valleys and basins inhabited by large populations of people and pigs, supported by the intensive cultivation of the tropical American sweet potato on the slopes above swampy valley bottoms.
With the end of World War II, the area, with others, became a focus for the development of coffee and tea plantations, of which the establishment of Kuk Research Station was a result. Large-scale drainage of the swamps produced abundant evidence in the form of stone axes and preserved wooden digging sticks and spades for their past use in cultivation. Investigations in 1966 at a tea plantation in the upper Wahgi Valley by a small team from The Australian National University yielded a date of over 2000 years ago for a wooden stick collected from the bottom of a prehistoric ditch.
The establishment of Kuk Research Station a few kilometres away shortly afterwards provided an ideal opportunity for a research project.