Aboriginal Australians, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15–16, 67, 101–2, 105, 108, 110, 111, 112–13, 114, 115, 119, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 132, 157, 205–49; agency, 246–47, 248; anatomical specimens, 205–23, 229–49; gender relations, 247; missionaries, 263–65; racial extinction, 125, 213; religion, 259, 263–65, 267–68, 274–75; women, 241, 245
Aboriginal Tasmanians, 9, 10, 12, 67, 111, 112–13, 115, 119, 124, 127, 128, 232, 234, 244; anatomical specimens, 206, 220–22; racial extinction, 69, 71–72, 135, 213–14, 239
African Negroes, 33, 49, 51, 67, 102, 127, 128, 183, 186, 207–8; as analogy, 104, 119, 162–63, 169, 181, 198; as stereotype, 35, 42, 47, 48, 53, 242; slavery, 33, 35, 44, 47, 48, 50–51, 61, 63, 65, 67, 160, 167, 207–8, 254, 261–63
Albertis, L.M. d’, 175, 178
Alfourous, Alfuros, 9, 122, 124, 132, 184, 198
Ali, 175
Allen, Charles, 175
Allport, Morton, 222
Anderson, Kay, 4, 28
Anderson, William, 131
Aneityumese, 266
Anthropological Society of London, 205–6, 209; Aboriginal remains, 205–6, 219–23; polygeny, 214, 223; racial extinction, 207; racialism, 205–12; vs Darwinians, 205–12
Anthropologie, France, 56, 66, 113, 126, 209; Aboriginal Australians, 229–49; vs ethnographie, 245–46, 249
Anthropology, anglophone: missionary ethnography, 283–86; religion, 261, 269–76; social evolution, 283–84
Aplin, C.D’O.H., 216
Argyll, Duke of, 217, 282
Atkins, John, 48
Australia, 134; colonialism, New Guinea, 292–96; half-caste problem, 314–16; racial assimilation, 314–16, 324
Australian Museum, 216–19
Austronesian languages, 114

Bailey, Kenneth, 298
Balbi, Adriano, 52, 54
Banks, Joseph, 106, 114, 157; crania, 110
Barker, John, 285
Baudin, Nicolas, 100, 111, 234
Beccari, Odoardo, 175
Beddoe, John, 220, 273
Belich, James, 314, 334
Bendyshe, Thomas, 43
Bennett, George, 184, 200
Bennett, William, 286
Bernier, François, 35, 48, 92
Billy, 231, 232, 238, 240
Bismarck Archipelago, 272, 273
Blair, Hugh, 260
Blake, C.C., 205, 210
Blanchard, Emile, 50, 63, 155; autochthony, 127; polygeny, 127; racial hierarchy and inequality, 127; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 127–28
Blanckaert, Claude, 28, 49, 53, 55, 62, 66, 95
Bleakley, J.W., 315
Blochouse, P.-A. de, 248
Blumenbach, J.F., 37, 45, 72, 73, 99,
101, 117, 131, 206; Bildungstrieb, 91; biologization of race, 38–40, 106; breeding criterion, 59; climate theory, 107; crania, 110, 152; human taxonomy, 37–40; human taxonomy, Oceania, 107–9; monogeny, 44, 48; Oceania, 106-7; race, definition, 40; skull collection, 40; species, 59
Boas, Franz, 297
Bonaparte, Prince Roland, 233, 248, 254
Bonwick, James, 243, 244
Boon, James, 186
Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.-B.-G.-M., 8; cf. Cuvier, 54–55; hybrids, 61; polygeny, 51; racial taxonomy, 51; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 9
Bougainville, L.-A. de, 108, 162, 163
Briscoe, Gordon, 314
Broca, Paul, 56, 73, 95, 230, 245, 248, 254; Cro-Magnon, 218; hybrids, 66–68, 236–37, 334; polygenic transformism, 68, 218; polygeny, 66, 236–37; race, 68; species, 66
Brooks, J.L., 183
Brosses, Charles de, 6, 29, 35, 101, 103, 108, 134; Terres australes, 6, 104
Brown, George, 201, 283–85; anthropologists, 272–75; Notes and Queries, 272–73; totemism, 274–75
Brué, A.-H., 6, 7
Buffon, comte de, 35, 72, 99, 125; breeding criterion, 59; climate theory, 36, 102, 103; degeneration, 37, 102; extension of race, 36, 102; human taxonomy, Oceania, 101–2; hybrids, 61; monogeny, 44, 48, 102; species, 36, 58–59, 151
Bukans, 119–22
Burton, John: Christian internationalism, 296–98; colonialism, 293–96; humanitarianism, 290–91; Indians, Fiji, 290–91; racial hierarchy and inequality, 287–88; racial paternalism, 293–95; racialism, 286
Busk, George, 206, 213

Camper, Petrus, 92
Cannibalism, 247–48, 255
Carroll, James, 317
Carstensz, Jan, 162
Carteret, Philip, 163, 165
Casas, Bartolomé de las, 260
Cauvin, Charles, 254
Chain of being, 93
Chamisso, Adelbert von, 151
Charcot, J.-M., 243
Civilization, 112
Claparède, R.-E., 95
Codrington, R.H., 10, 267, 282, 283, 285, 288
Collins, David, 259
Colonialism: child removal, 314–16, 323; settlement cf. managerial, 308–9, 312, 323
Colwell, James, 287
Commerson, Philibert, 125
Conrad, Joseph, 187
Cook, Cecil, 312, 315, 333
Cook, James, 100, 131, 157, 187
Coward, Noel, 307
Craft, William, 207–8
Crawfurd, John, 158, 161, 166–72, 173, 197; field observation and theory, 177; hybrids, 181, 200; Malays and Papuans, 168; milieu, influence of, 168; racial displacement, 169; racial hierarchy and inequality, 167–72; racial purity, 180–82; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 168–72
Crosby, Alfred, 311
Crowther, William, 221
Cunningham, Robert, 230, 238, 246, 247
Cuvier, Georges, 33, 91, 99, 117, 182, 200, 209; anti-transformism, 59; breeding criterion, 60; cf. Bory de Saint-Vincent, 55; cf. Virey, 55; compromised monogeny, 45–46, 53–54; crania, 109, 111; instructions, voyagers, 111, 158; racial anatomy, 46, 109, 111, 118; racial hierarchy and inequality, 46; racial mixing, 59; racial taxonomy, 41, 111, 114; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 116; science of race, 40–41, 109; species, 59; voyage naturalists, 113–14, 152, 153

Dally, Eugène, 233, 237
Dalrymple, Alexander, 29, 108
Dampier, William, 101, 102, 162, 163; Indians and Negroes, 101, 151, 165
Darwin, Charles, 66, 73, 101, 151, 158, 173, 175, 199, 261, 269; hybrids, 69; man and animals, 270; monogeny, 55–56; racial extinction, 65, 70, 135; racial hierarchy, 65; religion, 270
Darwinians, 15; Aboriginal remains, 212–19; vs ‘Anthropologicals’, 66, 205–12
Darwinism, 64–66; Aboriginal remains, 205–7; Mendelian genetics, 290; monogeny, 208–9; racial anatomy, 212–17; racial extinction, 207, 218–19, 223; speciation, 206
Davidson, W.R., 215
Davies, Norman, 292
Davis, J.B., 197, 206, 228; crania, 219–23
Dawkins, William, 217
Deniker, Joseph, 233
Desmoulins, L.-A., 54; hybrids, 61–62; polygeny, 51–52
Dias, Nélia, 230
Domeny de Rienzi, G.L., 6, 29, 197
Duchet, Michèle, 101
Dumont d’Urville, J.-S.-C., 6, 8, 29, 56, 100, 118, 163, 166, 174, 179, 180, 181, 241; compromised monogeny, 125; racial extinction, 134, 135; racial hierarchy and inequality, 124; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 9–10, 122, 123–24, 160
Dumoutier, P.-M.A., 100, 126–27, 155; milieu, influence of, 127; phrenology, 127; racial displacement, 127
Duperrey, L.-I., 100, 118, 163
Duval, Mathias, 233

Earl, G.W., 158, 166–67, 172–74, 199; field observation and theory, 173, 177; Papuans and Malays, 174; racial displacement, 174; racial hierarchy and inequality, 174; racial purity, 182
Edwards, W.-F., 53
Ellingson, Ter, 167, 197
Ellis, William, 151
Entrecasteaux, J.A. Bruni d’, 234
Ethnographie, France, 52, 243–44
Ethnologie, France, 53
Ethnology, Britain, 53, 131, 227; vs ‘Anthropologicals’, 56, 167, 282
Evangelical missionaries, 7–8, 12, 16; anthropology, 267, 259–76, 283–86; antislavery, 261–62; Christian internationalism, 288–96; colonialism, 265–66, 289–90, 296; ethnography, 284–85; evolution, 272–76, 283–98; monogeny, 284, 287; race and experience, 286–91; racial paternalism, 293–95; translation, 266
Eyre, E.J., 281

Farrar, F.W., 268–69
Field, Barron, 135
Figlio, Karl, 91
Fiji and Fijians, 124, 132, 181, 287; Christianity, 286, 291; colonialism, race, 311, 318–20, 323; half-castes, 315, 318–20, 325; religion, 285
Fiji, Indians, 288, 318–19; Burton, 290–91
Fine, Oronce, 29
Fisher, R.A., 302
Fison, Lorimer, 267, 282
Flinders Island, 221, 222
Forrest, Thomas, 163, 165, 197
Forster, Georg, 35, 100, 114, 125; empiricism, 105; human origins, 50; human taxonomy, Oceania, 102–3; Kant, debate with, 104–5; polygeny, 49, 105–6; race, 50, 104–5
Forster, J.R., 35, 100, 106, 108, 114, 122, 123, 131; human taxonomy, Oceania, 102–3, 107, 114, 157, 168; monogeny, 104; race, 104; racial displacement, 103, 134
Fox, C.E., 286
Frazer, James: Evangelical missionaries, 273–75; totemism, 273–75
Freycinet, Louis de, 100, 116, 117, 163

Gaimard, J.-P., 9, 100
Gall, F.J., 117, 154
Galton, Francis, 290; vs Hunt, 210–11
Gardner, Helen, 284–85
Garnot, Prosper, 100; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 118–19
Geddie, John, 266
Gelpke, Sollewijn, 161
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Etienne, 59, 63, 209
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore, 56, 94; compromised monogeny, 57–58
Gillen, Frank, 274
Gilolo (Halmahera), 180, 181, 183
Gliddon, George, 53
Gobineau, Arthur de, 66
Goldie, J.F., 286
Goldsmith, Oliver, 35; human taxonomy, 37
Goos, Pieter, 29
Gould, Charles, 222
Grant, Madison, 290, 292, 297
Grayson, Donald, 49
Gruber, J.G., 38

Haalbos, Henrik, 163
Haddon, Alfred, 285
Haeckel, Ernst, 73, 217, 228
Haldane, J.B.S., 302
Hale, Horatio, 7, 10, 151
Half-castes, 307–25; attitudes to, 313; Australia, 314–16; etymology, 308; frontier colonialism, 309–11; nationhood, Australia, 314–16, 322; nationhood, New Zealand, 322; New Zealand, 316–18; postcolonial attitudes to, 324–25
Hamy, E.-T., 230, 231, 233, 243–44
Hasluck, Paul, 314, 324
Hau’ofa, Epeli, 29
Hawkesworth, John, 106
Henriques, Fernando, 311
Hinchinbrook Island, 231
Holmes, J.H., 285
Hombron, J.-B., 62–63, 100, 128, 155
Hottentots, 51, 52, 55, 58, 67, 115, 236
Houzé, Emile, 230, 232, 244–46
Hovelacque, Abel, 233
Howe, Kerry, 318
Howitt, A.W., 282
Hughes, W.M., 292–93
Human origins, 49–53, 182–83; autochthony, 112, 115, 125, 127, 134, 182
Human unity and diversity, 44–47, 183; climate theory, 35; Darwinism, 65–66, 70; Evangelical missionaries, 263–68, 283–98; psychic unity, 54, 265, 275, 297–98, 303; racial difference, 53–58
Humboldt, Alexander von, 159
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 183
Hume, David, 48, 92, 125
Hunt, Attlee, 293
Hunt, James, 47, 56, 167, 205, 269; Negro’s Place in Nature, 207–9; polygeny, 53, 207; racialism, 53, 207–12
Huxley, T.H., 66, 179, 206, 208, 220; Aboriginal remains, 215–17; hybrids, 69; racial anatomy, 212; racialism, 65; vs Hunt, 211
Hybridity, degrees of, 66–68, 69, 237, 313, 316
Hybrids, xiii, 16–17, 58–70, See Racial mixing, Half-castes

Indonesia, 173, 199
Inglis, Amirah, 311
Inglis, John, 266
Ivens, W.G., 286

Jacques, Victor, 230, 232, 244–48
Jacquinot, Honoré, 63, 100, 128, 155
Jauffret, L.-F., 40
Java and Javanese, 186
Jenny, 231, 232, 233–34, 238, 240, 247, 248

Kāfir, 162, 198
Kames, Henry Home, Lord, 48, 92
Kant, Immanuel, 39, 72, 125; biologization of race, 39–40, 106; breeding criterion, 59; Georg Forster, debate with, 104–5; monogeny, 48
Keesing, Felix, 320, 334
Kidd, Colin, 93
King, Richard, 227
Kipling, Rudyard, 289, 293
Kleiweg de Zwaan, J.P., 173
Knapman, Claudia, 311
Knox, Robert, 43, 66, 209–10; hybrids, 64; influence, 64, 210; polygeny, 63; racialism, 63–64; transcendental biology, 64
Kolff, D.H., 172
Krefft, J.L.G., 216–19
Kuper, Adam, 270–71

La Pérouse, J.-F. de Galaup de, 103
La Peyrère, Isaac de, 48
Lacépède, Etienne de, 45, 70
Lamarck, J.-B. de Monet de, 59, 153, 297
Lang, J.D., 269; Aboriginal religion, 267–68
Langsdorff, G.H. von, 151
Lanne, William, 221–22
Latham, R.G., 179, 183
Lawrence, W.N., 296
Lawrence, William, 46–47, 55, 262–63; breeding criterion, 60; compromised monogeny, 56; hybrids, 61; inherited variations, 59–60; species, 59
Lawry, Walter, 312
League of Nations, 292–98; Mandate, New Guinea, 292–96; Mandate, Western Samoa, 318
Leahy, Clem, 309–10
Leahy, Michael, 309–10
Leibniz, G.W., 35, 92
Lenoir, Timothy, 38, 39, 91
Lesson, R.-P., 7, 9, 100, 118, 154, 200; compromised monogeny, 125; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 122
Lesueur, C.-A., 111
Letourneau, Charles, 247
Linnaeus, Carl, 125; human taxonomy, 36; race, 100; species, 58
Little Toby, 231, 240, 254
Logan, J.R., 166, 172–73
Long, Edward, 48
Lubbock, John, 261, 269–70, 283
Lucas, W.H., 293
Lydekker, Richard, 184

MacGillivray, John, 173
Maine, Henry, 283–84
Malakulans, 102–3
Malay Archipelago, 9, 159; Asia, 12; Oceania, 5; Wallace, 174–75, 176, 182, 185, 186
Malayo-Polynesians, 132, 173–74
Malays, 8, 10, 45, 52, 103, 107–9, 115, 127; and Papuans, 158–87; and Polynesians, 8, 114, 115, 116, 184
Malte-Brun, Conrad, 6–8, 54, 117, 118; compromised monogeny, 115; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 8, 109, 115
Man and animals, 36, 37, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 67, 235, 236, 267, 268–70
Marsden, Samuel, 263–64
Marsden, William, 114, 161, 184, 197; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 179
Marten, George, 215
Masters, George, 216
Maupertuis, P.-L.M. de, 35, 36, 151
McGrath, Ann, 311
McLennan, John, 283
Meinicke, C.E., 197
Melanesians, 10, 124, 232, 240, 313; and Polynesians, 12, 128, 160, 178, 272, 284
Mélaniens, 9, 51, 122, 128, 154
Meleisea, Malama, 325
Meneses, Jorge de, 162
Mentelle, Edme, 6, 109
Mercator, Gerard, 29
Meyer, A.B., 175, 199
Micronesians, 10, 124, 127, 313
Miklouho-Maclay, Nikolai, 175
Milligan, Joseph, 221
Moluccans, 112
Monin, Charles, 10, 11
Monogeny, 47; Britain, 208–9; European superiority, 57, 127; racial inequality, 56; vs polygeny, 4–58, 125, 132–33, 235, 261–62
Moravian Mission, 281
Morgan, L.H., 283
Morton, S.G., 66–67; crania, 220
Müller, F.M., 261, 284; faculty of faith, 267–72; religious evolution, 267, 271– 72; vs Darwin, 267
Murray, Hubert, 293

Negritos, 166, 181, 244
Negrophobia, 35, 54, 103, 105, 119, 169
Nelson, O.F., 321, 324
Neville, A.O., 315, 316
New Caledonia and New Caledonians, 45, 50, 51, 115, 134, 181, 232, 240
New Guinea, 12, 45, 50, 103, 115, 117, 122, 157–87, 200, 219
New Hebrides and New Hebrideans, 103, 108, 115, 288
New Holland, 45, 63, 104, 107, 112–13, 115, 116, 122
New Irelanders, 119–22
New Zealand, 45, 134; colonialism, Samoa, 320–23; half-castes, Maori, attitudes to, 316–18; half-castes, Samoa, attitudes to, 320–23; Maori, 219, 263, 318
Newman, A.K., 318
Ngata, Apirana, 317, 323
Nott, J.C., 66, 67

Oceania: colonialism, 13; definition, 5–8, 12–13; English usage, 29; human taxonomy, 102–35; science of race, 99–135; scientific voyages, 99–135
Oceanic Negroes, 8, 9, 51, 52, 109, 115, 132, 133, 134, 157–58, 169
Oldham, J.H., 297–98
Orangutan, 37, 46, 51, 52, 54, 55, 93
Orizio, Riccardo, 325
Ortelius, Abraham, 29
Ortiz de Retes, Iñigo, 162
Owen, Richard, 208, 216
Owens, John, 311

Palm Islands, 231
‘Papua, Dick’, 170–72, 186, 199
Papuans, 9, 45, 50, 52, 103, 105, 108, 109, 111, 115, 127, 131, 134, 157–87, 232; and Malays, 158–87; body decoration, 164–65; British anthropology, 132, 166–87; etymology, 9, 117, 161–66, 197; French voyage naturalists, 116–24; hair, 163–64, 174; languages, 161; Pygmies, 169, 174; religion, 285; skin colour, 163
Paton, Frank, 287, 298; Christian internationalism, 288–90
Paton, J.G., 289
Patteson, J.C., 267
Péron, François, 100, 111, 254; primitivism, 112; racial hierarchy and inequality, 112
Petit, N.-M., 111, 244
Philippines, 103
Phrenology, 117, 127
Pigafetta, Antonio, 162
Pijnappel, Jan, 173
Pires, Tomé, 162
Poignant, Roslyn, 230, 253, 255
Polygeny, 15, 43, 47–58, 127–28; Britain, 63–64, 219–23; eighteenth century, 48; species, 62–64
Polynesians, 8, 10, 109, 115, 122, 124, 127, 132, 133, 134, 313; and Melanesians, 12, 128, 160, 178, 272, 284
Pomare, Maui, 317
Port Essington, 172
Prado y Tovar, Diego de, 162, 163
Prichard, J.C., 7, 47, 55, 99, 127, 134, 166, 173, 183, 206, 208, 272; antipolygeny, 132–33; breeding criterion, 60; human psychic unity, 265; hybrids, 61; inherited variations, 60; Kelænonesians, 10, 155; milieu, influence of, 60, 131; missionaries, 271; monogeny, 44; Oceania, 10, 131–33; race, 41–43, 131; racial extinction, 71; racialization, 133
Pruner-Bey, Franz, 246, 255
Pygmies, 159, 174, 181

Quatrefages, Armand de, 56, 94, 173, 199, 244, 254–55; mixed races, 67
Quirós, P.F. de, 29, 103, 108, 114
Quoy, J.-R.C., 9, 100, 114, 154; compromised monogeny, 123, 126; polygeny, 126; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 122–23
Quoy, J.-R.C., and J.-P. Gaimard, 165; Papuans, 116–17

Rabuka, Sitiveni, 325
Race: abstract noun, 72; anthropometry, 56, 230, 232, 239; biologization, 37–44; Britain, 12, 41–43, 205–23; cardinality, 160, 178–80; climate and milieu, 71, 102, 103, 104, 107, 113, 115, 132, 168, 297; colonialism, 16–17, 44, 134–35, 292–96, 318–23, 341; Darwinism, xiii, 64–65, 206–17; Enlightenment, xii, 72, 103, 135; extension of concept, 35–37, 102; facial angle, 92; field observation and theory, 158–87, 230, 234–35; France, 8–12, 40–41; gender, 309–12; genealogy, 34; Germany, 37–40; heredity and environment, 73, 290; humanitarians, xiii, 12, 16, 42, 71, 131, 134, 286–98; hybrids, see Half-castes, Hybrids, Racial mixing; inequality and hierarchy, 46, 50–51, 67, 119, 124, 127–28, 128, 236–37, 239–42, 244, 255; language, 114; miscegenation, attitudes to, 309–13, 318; nationalism, 17; Oceania, xii–xiii, 5, 13, 99–135;origins, 49–53; perfectibility, 72, 104, 117, 119, 123, 135, 236; physical organization, 41, 91, 112, 123; polygeny, see Polygeny; postcolonial, 342–43; racism, 72, 290, 292; realism of, 4, 122, 133, 286; reproduction and morphology, 39–40, 58–60, 72–73; science of, see Raciology, Science of race; semantic history, 34–44; theory and praxis, 4, 14, 105, 116, 119, 123, 124, 127, 134, 159, 180, 223, 232, 242, 248–49; whites in tropics, 311–12, 333; world eugenics, 290
Race and anthropology, 5, 12, 13, 15–16, 33, 43, 58, 69–70, 72, 113, 128, 205, 229–49, 273, 341–42
Race and encounters, 4, 43–44, 112, 123, 339, 342
Race and geography, 8, 115, 178–79
Racial anatomy, 49, 58, 205–23; Broca, 66; Cuvier, 46; Prichard, 42
Racial displacement, 56, 103–4, 123–24, 127, 133, 134, 169, 198
Racial extinction, xiii–xiv, 70–72, 123–24, 125, 207, 218–19, 334; colonialism, 134–35, 213–14, 223, 227, 243; humanitarians, 71–72
Racial mixing, 56, 61, 160; Malay Archipelago, 181; Papuans, 117, 119, 122
Racial photography, 233–34, 248
Racial purity, 58, 61–64, 160–61, 180–84; half-castes, 308
Racial taxonomy, 37–43, 44–46; Oceania, 8–12, 106–35, 179–80, 197
Raciology, 53, 229–49, 339–42, see Science of race
Raffles, T.S., 167, 171, 177, 186, 201
Ray, Sidney, 161
Rebelo, Gábriel, 162
Reelant, Adriaan, 114
Regnier, Edme, dynamometer, 112, 113 Religion: and science, 261–63, 268–76; Christian internationalism, 288–98; degeneration, 267, 268, 269; evolution, 267, 270–76; faculty of faith, 259–76; indigenous, 247, 259–61; Indigenous churches, 288–89
Rich, C.F., 289
Ripley, W.Z., 302
Roberts, S.H., 313
Robidé van der Aa, P.J.B.C., 173
Robinson, G.A., 221
Rolleston, Christopher, 214
Rolleston, George, 206, 223; Aboriginal remains, 214–15; racial anatomy, 212; vs Hunt, 211
Rowland, H.M., 214
Rudwick, Martin, 59

Salesa, T.D., 334
Samoa and Samoans, 103, 272; colonialism, race, 319, 320–23; half-castes, 320–23, 325; Mau, 321
Sanadhya, Totaram, 291
Saville, W.J.V., 286
Schelling, Friedrich, 267
Schweinfurth, G.A., 174
Science of race, xii, 72, 113, see Raciology; colonialism, 212–23; consolidation, 41–44; definition, 5; emergence, 33–41; field and metropole, 217–19; intensification, 62; Oceania, 99–135;
scientific racism, 290, 292
Scientific voyages, 99–135; artists, 111; instructions, 109–10, 152, 240; naturalists, 100, 116–28
Seeman, Berthold, 212
Selwyn, G.A., 10
Serres, E.-R.-A., 56, 70, 94; compromised monogeny, 56; Dumoutier report, 56–57; racial inequality, 62; racial mixing, 62
Simpson, G.G., 180
Sinclair, Keith, 318
Sloan, Phillip, 49, 50
Smith, Bernard, 28
Smyth, R.B., 215–16
Société de Géographie, Paris: racial taxonomy, Oceania, 118
Soemmerring, S.T., 49
Solander, Daniel, 157
Solomon Islands and Islanders, 12, 103
Sonnerat, Pierre, 169–70
Species, concept of, 58–70
Speight, George, 325
Spencer, Baldwin, 274
Stanley, Owen, 174
Stepan, Nancy, 4
Stocking, George W., Jr., 4, 28, 55, 66, 131, 265, 272, 283
Stoddard, Lothrop, 290, 291, 297
Stokes, J.L., 71–72
Stokes, J.M., 215
Strzelecki, P.E. de, 268
Sukuna, Lala, 319

Tahiti and Tahitians, 103, 108, 110, 116, 119
Tasman, A.J., 163
Taylor, Griffith, 316
Te Rangi Hiroa, 317–18, 322, 334
Teaiwa, Teresia, 325
Tench, Watkin, 259
Terra Australis, 6, 152
Thomas, Nicholas, 28
Thompson, Wyville, 222
Thomson, Basil, 313
Threlkeld, Lancelot, 263–64, 268
Timor and Timorese, 111, 112
Tindale, N.B., 311, 314
Toby, 231, 245, 247, 248
Todorov, Tzvetan, 36
Tonga and Tongans, 12, 103, 122, 132
Topinard, Paul, 68–70, 73, 230, 245; Aboriginal Australians, 231–33, 237–38, 240–42; Aboriginal Tasmanians, 238–40; gender, 241; hybrids, 69, 243; milieu, influence of, 71; polygeny, 68; race, 69, 243; racial taxonomy, Australia, 233, 239–40; transformism, 69
Torres, Luis Váez de, 162, 163
Trouillot, M.-R., 253
Tupua Tamasese Leolofi, 321
Tylor, E.B., 261, 265, 272, 283–84, 285; Evangelical missionaries, 271, 273; religious evolution, 70–71; science and religion, 271

Van Diemen’s Land, 112–13, 115, 116
Virchow, Rudolf, 231, 246; Aboriginal Australians, 240–41
Virey, J.-J., 54, 92, 112, 262; breeding criterion, 61; hybrids, 61; polygeny, 51; racial taxonomy, 50–51; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 115
Vitoria, Francisco de, 260
Voltaire, 48, 92, 125

Waigeo, 117, 132
Walker, Ranginui, 334
Wallace, A.R., 15, 47, 66, 94, 158, 159, 166–67, 173, 174–80, 199, 269; field observation and theory, 177–78; fieldwork, 175, 201; human antiquity, 182–84, 200; hybrids, 183; Malay Archipelago, 175–77; Papuans and Malays, 175–77, 185–87; Papuans as Polynesians, 184; racial extinction, 70; racial taxonomy, Oceania, 179–80, 184; racialism, 65, 180; Wallace Line, 179–80
Wallace, Robert, 281
Waterhouse, Joseph, 315, 334
Watson, Richard, 261
Wells, Kentwood D., 60
Whately, Richard, 282
White, Charles, 49, 54, 112
Whitmee, S.J., 201
Wilberforce, Samuel, 208
Wilcox, James, 217
Williams, Elizabeth, 253
Williams, John, 151
Williams, Thomas, 285
Wilson, Woodrow, 292
Wolfe, Patrick, 324, 333

Yamka Amp Wenta, 309–10

Zinzendorf, N.L. von, 260