From this study of Aboriginal health a depressing picture emerges. The death rate for Aborigines from almost all causes, and the incidence of communicable disease, is much higher than for white Australians. Much of Aboriginal ill-health is directly associated with poverty and poor living conditions - and therefore hygiene - and with malnutrition, particularly among the children. On health grounds alone, the Aborigines are shown to be severely handicapped in almost every aspect relative to white Australians, and to other indigenous minorities such as the Maoris and the American Indians.