Authors & editors
ANU Press has collaborated with a diverse range of authors and editors across a wide variety of academic disciplines. Browse the ANU Press collection by author or editor.
Place and people: an ecology of a New Guinean community »
Publication date: 1971
The major purpose of this book is to describe the interaction between a place and its people. The people are a Maring-speaking clan cluster called the Bomagai-Angoiang, who number only 154 persons. Their place, or territory, is in such a remote part of the Bismarck Mountains of Australian New Guinea that the people{u2019}s first face-to-face contact with white men was delayed until 1958. Mr. Clarke{u2019}s focus is on the people{u2019}s subsistence behavior viewed ecologically. In what ways are their gardening activities controlled or limited by their physical environment? How effectively do the Bomagai-Angoiang, who have just emerged from the Stone Age, use the resources available to them? What are the crucial links between their social lives and beliefs and their relations with their habitat? In what ways has their completely noncommercial way of life brought about changes in their environment? Now that they have been attached to the western world, what changes will the future bring to the people and their isolated habitat? In order to demonstrate the interacting unity of place and people, Mr. Clarke combines the traditional subject matters of anthropology and geography, analyzing the Bomagai-Angoiang, their activities, and the elements of their physical environment as components of an ecosystem, whose structure and function he attempts to describe. He carries the "microstudy" approach to the level of the individual{u2019}s operations within the ecosystem, and also makes generalizations about the aggregate community. Many previous descriptions of place and people have emphasized either the controlling influence of place on people{u2019}s actions or, on the other hand, the ways in which inhabitants have affected their habitat. Mr. Clarke integrates these two different emphases within an ecological framework so that place and people - man and environment - are seen as parts of a single interacting system. His book differs from some studies of primitive or peasant communities in that, rather than being concerned with how the people{u2019}s lives might be more quickly enmeshed with the economy of the western world, he is interested mainly in judging the "health" of the local ecosystem - a judgment that is aided by the use of the concept of entropy content of systems.
The trading voyages of Andrew Cheyne, 1841-1844 »
Publication date: 1971
This is the record o f one man{u2019}s voyages in the Western Pacific in the 1840s, told by himself. At an early age, Andrew Cheyne came from the Shetland Islands to seek his fortune in the Pacific area, and, being a competent and trustworthy young man, was soon engaged in a series of trading voyages for different ship owners. In the four voyages described he searched for sandalwood, beche-de-mer, and other tropical produce at the Isle of Pines, New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands and the Solomons in Melanesia, and Ponape, Yap, and Palau in Micronesia. Relations between the islanders and the Europeans, and between Cheyne and rival traders, castaways, and deserters, were by no means always harmonious. Encounters with hostile natives who relished human flesh, and with belligerent white beachcombers, added danger to already hazardous voyages. Cheyne was shocked by the godless and abandoned way of life of the native peoples, but he was an accurate observer, and it would be hard to better his careful account of the places and peoples he encountered and the details of island trade. This is one of the earliest documents on the Western Pacific by a European, a very important source for Pacific historians and anthropologists, and an exciting book for all fascinated by the early adventurers of the Pacific.
The politics of dependence: Papua New Guinea 1968 »
Publication date: 1971
This book is the record of a most unusual experiment: observations of politics at the grassroots during the second Papua New Guinea general elections by a team of distinguished anthropologists and political scientists. The outcome is a study of political change that enables a better understanding of political processes in emerging nations. It shows how the imported institutions of democratic elections and parliamentary government are perceived by the subsistence farmers and rural workers as well as evolues and expatriates, and how the emerging politicians and the colonial administration combine traditional loyalties and Western techniques as they seek to exploit these institutions. For policy makers and administrators, scholars and students, both of Papua New Guinea as it emerges into independence and of comparative politics of. other emergent nations, these studies raise issues of vital concern.
Asia and the Pacific in the 1970's: the roles of the United States, Australia and and New Zealand »
Publication date: 1971
The political character of the Asian and Pacific region is now being rudely shaken by the consequences of the Vietnam War. It is timely, therefore, to survey the present situation and the likely course of events in the region. Three broad themes emerge from this book: the fundamental change of mood in the United States and the likely consequences of a reduced American presence in Asia; the extent to which Japan is expected to dominate the region in the seventies; and the probable course of the ANZUS relationship itself. Three national viewpoints are reflected in the arguments of the contributors. The American view is preoccupied not only with the interests of the United States but with the shaping of events themselves. Australian and New Zealand concerns, however, are generally seen to be focused more specifically on the likely consequences of events on their own interests. If one concluding thought emerges, it is a pessimistic one. This is a time of revolutionary change throughout the world and especially in Asia. The world is less manageable than was once supposed. The crust of order, whether international or domestic, is dangerously thin. This is a survey of vital concern to all students of Asia, the Pacific, and the United States.
Super powers and world order »
Publication date: 1971
Will the future bring international anarchy or a more stable world order? Now that the Cold War has been replaced by something like a limited co-operation between the Western and the Eastern blocs, it is possible to take a more balanced view of great power relations. This book examines the prospects for the future of the balance of the two super powers - the United States and the Soviet Union - and the role that may be played by that great enigma, China, in the light of the recent history of relations between the powers. The United States and the Soviet Union seem to have reached an understanding in their relations, but the part that may be played by China is unpredictable. It is possible that she too may emerge as a super power, seeing her role as leader of the revolutionary forces in the underdeveloped countries throughout the world - the Third World which has also some influences on international affairs. This question, and many others of vital importance to the whole world, are examined in this book. Nine internationally known scholars contributed the essays in this volume, essays which form a valuable collection of thought and opinion on world affairs.
Outcasts in white Australia »
Publication date: 1971
The 'outcasts' of this book are those of Aboriginal descent, mainly the part-Aborigines, living on the fringes of country towns and in some of the big cities of Australia who, because of their appearance, have not 'passed' into white Australian society. They are the rejects, legislated out of the social, economic, and political life of the nation. The book should shame white Australians. It extensively documents the grim story of human injustice to which, deliberately or unwittingly, they have subjected the part- Aborigines. It raises the question of whether they are so racially prejudiced they do not even see the plight of these people, whose proper place, it appears, is on the degraded fringe, under-employed, ill-housed, ill-educated, scorned or ignored. Yet part-Aborigines are the most rapidly increasing segment of the Australian population. Are these new generations to live out their lives without justice or dignity? Or will white Australians, supporting policies of the kind proposed by Professor Rowley, open the way for justice, equality and human dignity; and provide new opportunities to share the rapidly increasing wealth of this country? This volume is the second in C.D. Rowley{u2019}s 3-volume study of 'Aboriginal Policy and Practice'. The first is The Destruction of Aboriginal Society; the third, The Remote Aborigines.
The remote Aborigines »
Publication date: 1971
This last book of Professor Rowley's trilogy on Aboriginal Policy and Practice deals with the situation of the 'full-blood' Aborigines in the centre and north of Australia. The author refers to this area as 'colonial Australia', offering reasons including the restrictions on movement by the Aborigines, with the resultant emphasis on mission and government 'settlements'; the much lower wages paid to Aborigines in the area; the withholding of social service benefits which other Australians may obtain easily; and the power vested in officials and missionaries to control Aborigines. Professor Rowley argues that, in the remote areas, policy and practice of government must be altered fundamentally, otherwise the last remnants of the tribes will be reduced to the situation described in Outcasts in White Australia. Like Rowley{u2019}s other two books, this one is an indictment of white Australian indifference to the maltreatment of an inarticulate minority. His basic argument is that no policy can now succeed without reconciliation; that governments, after two centuries, must come at last to negotiate with the Aborigines. It is also argued that even now it may not be too late to learn from the Aboriginal how to see and appreciate the continent in which we live. But this is an issue which demands some humility from non-Aboriginal Australians.
John Curtin for Labor and for Australia »
Publication date: 1971
Published Press Archives http://press.anu.edu.au/node/3625 1885_115094.jpg ANU Press John Curtin for Labor and for Australia Wednesday, 18 August, 1971 Not available Archive Scholarly Information Services Ross, Lloyd Maxwell
The Army in Papua-New Guinea: current role and implications for independence »
Publication date: 1971
With the possibility, in July 1970, of having to use force against rioting civilians - land squatters near Rabaul - the Australian Army in New Guinea entered a new era in which its activities are bound to be the subject of close scrutiny as the country moves towards independence. After filling in the historical background of the Pacific Islands Regiment, Dr O'Neill sets out to examine the present role of the Army in Papua-New Guinea: defence against external attack, maintenance of law and order, training of loyal, non-political soldiers, and the civic action program. But what will the Army's future role be, and who will bear the cost? Is a military elite developing? The author concludes that Australia ought to continue to support the New Guinea armed forces for a considerable period - more from the point of view of smooth political development than from that of Australia's future defence interests in New Guinea.
Peking-Hanoi relations in 1970 »
Publication date: 1971
The relationship between Peking and Hanoi is one of the perplexing aspects of the Indo China conflict. Are the North Vietnamese merely the tools of the Chinese, who plan to extend their hegemony over most of Southeast Asia, or is there a genuine polycentrism among the countries in the area? By detailed analysis of contemporary material and political events, including the effects of the death of Ho Chi Minh and the ending of the Cultural Revolution, this monograph indicates future trends in terms of politics and economics that must challenge all concerned with events in this turbulent area.
A phonological study in the 'Phags-pa script and the Meng-ku Tzu-yun »
Publication date: 1971
Published Press Archives http://press.anu.edu.au/node/3139 1885_114735.jpg ANU Press A phonological study in the 'Phags-pa script and the Meng-ku Tzu-yun Wednesday, 18 August, 1971 Not available Archive Scholarly Information Services Nakano, Miyoko
Aboriginal man and environment in Australia, »
Publication date: 1971
Man came to Australia well before the end of the Pleistocene epoch - the so-called Ice Age. To understand his history, then, both early and later, calls for an understanding of climate and environment, and the changes that have taken place in them. Early man in Australia was a stone-using huntergatherer, and the traditional Aboriginal economy and society have persisted into modern times, so a wealth of ethnographic information is available to help in understanding the way he reacted and so influenced the diversity of environments found in the Australian continent. Over the last ten years Australian archaeology has developed from a very new branch of an old-established discipline to one that has made and is making very significant contributions to the study of universal man, not just in Australia. This book is the outcome of a series of seminars by scholars in many fields who have brought to bear the skills of many disciplines in interpreting a vast array of challenging new information. It will appeal not only to scholars but to all who have an interest in the history of the Australian environment and the story of first human settlement.
Conscription and Australian military capability »
Publication date: 1971
Debate about conscription in Australia is usually concerned with morality and equity and has become inseparable from the issue of the Vietnam war. Though the questions of morality and equity deserve attention, they have tended to overshadow important military considerations. This paper focuses on a post-Vietnam situation and, in that context, is concerned with the cost and effectiveness of conscription as a factor in Australian military capability. It examines the supply of manpower to the services generally, and particularly the supply of volunteers. Though of particular concern to economists, since it deals with the application of economic analysis to a controversial political issue, this paper will interest all concerned with conscription and Australian defence policy.
Consideration in contracts: a fundamental restatement »
Publication date: 1971
This lecture is an attempt to restate the law relating to consideration in contracts in the light of the actual decisions of the Courts. Study of a large number of English and Australian legal decisions convinced the author that there was a wide gulf between the conventional accounts of the doctrine of consideration and the law actually enforced in the Courts. The conventional accounts give an impression of rigidity and artificiality in the law which is not always borne out in practice. The general theme of the lecture is that consideration is not an artificial requirement of the law, but merely a search for what appear to the Courts to be good and sufficient reasons for enforcing promises. Although it is directed principally to teachers of law, the lecture also contains a good deal to interest the legal practitioner. Moreover, it will be of particular interest to bodies with responsibility for law reform, as it helps to clarify one area of the law thought by many to be in need of reform.
Australian grasslands »
Publication date: 1970
This book is a comprehensive account of the Australian grasslands and of their capacities for providing adequate nutrition for grazing animals, the products of which, whether as wool, meat, or dairy products, are important in the national economy. The wool and beef industries were established on indigenous grasslands and in many areas, particularly in the drier parts, are still dependent on native plants. Problems of sustaining the productivity of arid and semi-arid lands and of increasing the output of higher rainfall areas are discussed. The establishment of productive pastures of exotic species in the higher rainfall areas of both tropical and temperate areas is the outcome of research embracing climate and soils, species adaptation, major nutrient and trace element deficiencies, and effective nodulation of pasture legumes. The major subdivisions of this book written by scientists eminent in their fields are: the environment including the native herbivores, the grazing lands and pastures, the principal factors affecting productivity, and production from grasslands. Lavishly illustrated, with 67 plates, 5 colour maps, and 60 figures, and with a consolidated list of references of very considerable use, the book will fill an important gap in the literature for students and teachers of agriculture, and for grassland research workers. It is relevant to world pasture conditions, too, in that countries developing their own grazing industries will find Australian experience and methodology a valuable guide in improving their own grasslands.
Pacific Islands portraits »
Publication date: 1970
Till the beginning of the nineteenth century the Pacific Islands had known Europeans mainly as transient visitors. Before it ended they had been drawn within the frontiers of the Western world. The changing way of life of the Pacific is shown through this series of portraits of men and women who lived in the islands between the early years of the nineteenth century and the outbreak of the First World War. Five of the portraits are studies of islanders: King George Tupou I, of Tonga; Cakobau and Ma'afu, of Fiji; Baiteke and Binoka, of Abemama, in the Gilbert Islands; Kwaisulia, of the Solomon Islands; and Lauaki, of Samoa. Two are of missionaries - Bishop Patteson and Father Montrouzier - and one of a missionary family, the Henrys of Tahiti. One is of a trader and adventurer, Peter Dillon. And three are portraits of groups of people: settlers in the {u2018}beach communities{u2019}; planters in Fiji; and labour recruiters and the islanders they recruited. Together they constitute a gallery of great interest, revealing the colour and texture of life in the Pacific. Only one of the writers is himself a Pacific islander; but all have lived in the islands and responded to their spell. They have thus been able to present their subjects with sensitivity, against an intimate knowledge of the local background, as well as with scholarly accuracy, derived from thorough study of the documentary sources.
The Impact of civilisation on the biology of man »
Publication date: 1970
To survive as a species man must adapt. But genetically he is largely the same as his Stone Age ancestors. It is not surprising that drastic modifications of the environment which have taken place have given rise to many signs of man's maladjustment. The impact of civilisation on the biology of man, evidenced by the effects of diet, crowding, noise, the changing nature of disease, and the stress of modern living, was the subject of critical examination by distinguished scientists at a symposium sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science in 1968. The papers and discussions of that symposium, assembled by Dr Boyden, form this volume. This book is concerned with important aspects of the biology of civilisation. It is certain to make a significant contribution to an understanding of the contemporary human situation and the challenge of our environment.
A bibliography of the Sanskrit texts of the Saddharmapundarikasutra »
Publication date: 1970
The Saddharmapundarlkas{u00FC}tra is a representative work in the Buddhist (Hybrid) Sanskrit and has had a profound influence on religious thought in Asia. It is one of the nine treasures of Buddhist texts in Nepal and was introduced into China in the third century A.D. and to Tibet at the beginning of the ninth century. It has since spread throughout Asia. Many Sanskrit manuscript versions of the Saddharmapundarlkas{u00FC}tra have been found and are now scattered throughout the world. This bibliography is the first systematic attempt to record the details and whereabouts of the manuscripts, many of which are difficult to locate.
Shadow of dispute: aspects of Commonwealth-State relations, 1901-1910 »
Publication date: 1970
This book is the first detailed study of what happened when the well-established Australian colonial governments joined together to form the Commonwealth of Australia. It tells how the State politicians, anxious not to lose the political limelight, strove to maintain their former power and status virtually unchanged, and how the politicians of the new Commonwealth Government seized every opportunity to enhance their own authority and prestige. The part played by the Colonial Office in settling some of the disputes which arose is of particular interest now that its influence has waned completely. The study also reveals something of the jealousy which persisted between Victoria and New South Wales and of the first attempts at co-operation between Commonwealth and State. One thing which emerges clearly from this book is that during the period 1901-10 a pattern of inter-governmental relations was formed in Australia which has not greatly changed since - a pattern marked at the same time by co-operation and antipathy, where the steady growth of Commonwealth power has continued to be resisted firmly by the States. The writing of this book involved research into a mass of hitherto unexamined official government correspondence, both Commonwealth and State. Its interest is not only for historians, but for all who wish to learn something of the background to Commonwealth-State relations and who seek to understand the continuing rivalries which are a feature of the relationship.
Agriculture: a key to the understanding of Chinese society, past and present »
Publication date: 1970
Published Press Archives http://press.anu.edu.au/node/3743 1885_114948.jpg ANU Press Agriculture: a key to the understanding of Chinese society, past and present Tuesday, 18 August, 1970 Not available Archive Scholarly Information Services Wittfogel, Karl August
Japan and nuclear China: Japanese reactions to China's nuclear weapons »
Publication date: 1970
China as a nuclear power must have a profound effect on many aspects of Japan's defence policy, on U.S.-Japanese relations and on Japanese diplomacy. Ten months before China's first nuclear test the French military theorist, General Gallois, stated that the development of China's nuclear weapons would force Japan to adopt one of three courses: she could strengthen her ties with the U.S.; she could drift out of the U.S. orbit into a position of neutrality which would inevitably be inclined towards Peking; or she could develop her own nuclear weapons system. In the event, however, China's nuclear tests do not appear to have had the impact on Japan that Western observers thought inevitable. In this paper the author, through study of the Japanese press and of official documents, examines official and unofficial Japanese reactions to China's emergence as a nuclear power.
Nauru: phosphate and political progress »
Publication date: 1970
Nauru: Phosphate and Political Progress is the story of David and Goliath in a modern political setting in the South Seas. Controlled, protected, or occupied successively by Germans, Australians, British, and Japanese and then again by Australians under U.N. Trusteeship, all (except Germany) for the purpose of exploiting the island{u2019}s one resource - phosphate - Nauru is one of the smallest and most isolated islands in the Pacific, with a mere 3000 inhabitants. The struggle the Nauruans waged against Australia was not only for political independence but, more important, the right to control the phosphate industry for the benefit of the Nauruans. Their victory will encourage dependent minorities throughout the world. This book is a timely and important work that will be read with pleasure and profit by all interested in the progress of colonial territories towards independence.
Conversational Tahitian: an introduction to the Tahitian language of French Polynesia »
Publication date: 1970
Tahitian is spoken throughout French Polynesia as the lingua franca. In spite of this, until now the only Tahitian grammars have been written either in French or with a heavily ecclesiastical aim. This book caters for the need for a general introduction to the Tahitian language written in English. It is a comprehensive study based on modern linguistic techniques, but presented in non-technical language. By means of a series of lessons, exercises, and passages for translation, the reader becomes familiar with the basic and recurring grammatical structures used in everyday situations, while at the same time learning something of the culture and customs of the inhabitants of French Polynesia. Both the language specialist and the traveller to the Polynesian islands will find this book an invaluable guide to the study of the Tahitian language.
The grasses of Central Australia »
Publication date: 1970
This study is the first specific treatment in Australia of the grasses of a natural region. It gives a taxonomic and ecological account of all known grass species in the arid part of the Northern Territory, an area of about 240,000 square miles. There is a description in technical and general terms of each of the 132 species, with taxonomic keys to genera and species, and with additional data on geographic and land- type distribution, ecological relationships, and economic value. Photographs, with enlargements of spikelet and floret, illustrate 123 of the species. The book has been designed to appeal to a wide range of readers with an interest in botany. On the one hand precise botanical descriptions, citations of verified collections, and bibliographic data help the taxonomist to determine circumscription and variation and to relate the affinities of the known taxa to those not yet recognised. On the other hand the macroscopic descriptions, glossary, illustrations, and supporting sections are for the use of the ecologist, pastoralist, and agriculturalist not directly concerned with plant taxonomy. Though compiled specifically for central Australia, the material of this book has application to all Australian arid and semi-arid areas. Since the flora of the interior includes tropical and temperate elements, there are also similarities with adjacent climatic zones. In its coverage of the grasses of the low rainfall region, the book contributes to our knowledge of the major component of a flora characteristic of almost three-quarters of the Australian continent, providing a basis for further research and development studies.
Party in power: the Japanese Liberal-Democrats and policy-making »
Publication date: 1970
Japan's Liberal-Democratic Party has been continuously in power since it was formed in 1955. It has therefore been responsible for virtually all the important policy decisions made since that time in the name of the Japanese government, and it is likely to remain in this position of power for many years to come. The book focuses attention particularly on the processes involved in the formulation of controversial policies. Emphasising the importance of organisation factors and group environment, Dr Fukui examines the party membership, its organisation, intra-party factionalism, and the connection with extra-party support groups. He goes on to analyse in detail some of the more important issues with which the government has been involved in recent years. This is the first study of policy-making in Japan's party in power. The writer has combined the historical approach with an analysis of all aspects of the party. He presents a picture of one side of the Japanese political scene which is a most important jumping-off point for future comparative studies of political parties. For Western readers, and particularly political scientists, it provides some surprising insights into contemporary Japanese politics, and is essential reading for the complete understanding of Japan today.