Russia in the nineteenth century was an extremely backward, authoritarian society. The tsars, resolved to maintain their iron grip on the Russian people, had virtually strangled the economy, subverted religious and cultural institutions to their own ends, and drained the people of their spirit. Yet from this repressed society emerged a remarkable group of women, enlightened in their thinking, determined in their fight for equal justice, dedicated to humanist and feminist principles, who made a major contribution to the revolutionary movement of their time.