The Catholics in Australia in the early nineteenth century were mainly Irish, and were served by a handful of Irish priests. In 1835 the English Benedictine, John Bede Polding, became first Bishop, and eight years later founded a Benedictine monastery in Sydney, with Henry Gregory as Prior. English Benedictine authoritarianism, conservatism, and culture were foreign elements imposed on Churchmen whose problems were largely practical and whose thinking was becoming less conservative, following the liberalising changes in Europe.