Index
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Index

Abdul Waheed, 94
Abdurrahman Wahid, 45
Abdus Sattar, 111
Abueva, J.V., 63
Aceh, 43
Afghanistan, 91, 92, 99
Africa, 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 21, 22, 105, 148, 151
Agartala conspiracy, 106, 114
Ahamed, E., 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110, 114, 115
Ahmed, M., 114
Ahmed, Shahabuddin, 101
Alavi, H., 3, 113, 129
Albright, D.E., 11
All-India National Congress, 115
Alliance Party (Fiji), 132, 137, 139, 140, 143
Amnesty International, 84, 170
Anand, Panyarachun, 56
Angaktan Ersenjata Republik Indonesia (ABRI), 15, 29, 31-55
Anti Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL) (Burma), 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76
Apter, D., 60
Aquino, Benigno, 66
Aquino, Corazon, 21, 59-60, 66, 67-68
Arakan, 85
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), 60, 63, 64, 65, 68
Arthit Kamlangek, 50
Ashkenazy, D., 7, 11
Aung Gyi, 77, 82
Aung San, 70, 73, 74, 75A
Aung San Suu Kyi, 84, 85, 87
Australia, 20, 26, 148, 149, 153-54, 155, 160, 166, 170
Australian Defence Co-operation Program (with PNG), 152, 153-54, 173
Australian Officer Cadet School, Portsea, 149
authoritarianism, 5, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 30, 47, 56-57, 61, 64-65, 69, 72, 77-78, 82, 84, 101, 121, 122, 123-4, 126-30, 137, 146
Awami League (Bangladesh), 19, 102-03, 104-05, 106, 108, 109, 117
Ayub Khan, Mohammad, 19, 23, 88, 94, 104, 106, 114
Ba Maw, 70
Ba Than, 72, 74
Ball, N., 2
Baluchistan, 94
Bangladesh, 15, 19-20, 23, 85, 88, 91, 101-18;
constitution, 101, 102, 103, 105;
coup of 1975, 105, 109, 112, 118;
coup of 1982, 112;
Chittagong incident, 111, 112;
independence, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 114-15, 116;
martial law, 20, 105, 112, 114;
Mujibism, 104;
uprising of 1990, 20, 112, 117, 118
Bangladesh Communist Party, 104
Bangladesh National Party, 110, 111, 117
Barrett, D., 149
Basuki Rachmat, 36
Bavadra, Timoci, 132, 143
Baxter, C., 117
Bebler, A., 6, 23, 175
Beg, Mirza Aslam, 94, 97
Bell, H., 155
Bengal, 102, 106, 107, 114, 115
Bengson, Congressman, 63
Berghahn, V.R., 134
Bhutto, Benazir, 19, 89, 97, 98, 99, 100
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 19, 88-89, 94
Bienen, H., 2, 3, 68
Boonprasert, C., 50
Bougainville, 15, 21, 151, 153, 154, 158, 160, 165, 166, 168-72, 174
Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA), 168, 170, 171, 172
Britain, 17, 19, 24, 60, 69, 70, 71, 74, 75, 78, 81, 88, 89, 108, 112, 113, 114, 115, 132, 136, 138, 141
Brunei, 26
Buka, 170
Buka Liberation Front (BLF), 170
Bunbongkarn, S., 18, 47, 48, 50, 54
bureaucratic-authoritarianism, 123-24
Burk, J., 7
Burma, 7, 9, 16-17, 19, 21, 22-23, 25-26, 27, 69-87;
constitution of 1947,70-71;
new constitution, 86;
coup, 1962, 73, 77; 1988, 81, 83; attempt 1976, 83;
election, 1990, 84, 86;
independence, 69, 70, 73-74;
martial law, 72, 80, 83, 84;
minorities, 71, 72, 74, 75-76, 81, 82-83, 85, 86, 87;
SLORC, 17, 69, 83-87;
uprising of 1988, 82, 83
Burma Independence Army, 16, 17, 74
Burma Rifles, 76, 79, 82
Burma Socialist Program Party (BSPP), 17, 78, 79, 80, 83
business, military in 7, 8, 16, 23, 28, 35-36, 37, 63, 65, 82-83, 89, 94, 97, 110
Cady, J., 70
Cakobau, Ratu Seru, 141
Chaleamitiarana,Thak, 49
Chan, Sir Julius, 163, 164
Chang Myon, 120, 122
Chatichai, Choonhavan, 50, 55
Chazan N., 2, 4, 13, 135
chiefs, 24, 133, 136-37, 139, 141, 142, 144, 146-47, 171
China (PRC), 9, 26, 108
Chinese Nationalist Army, 71
Chins, 71, 75, 82
Chomsky, N., 61
Christian, J., 70
Chuan Leekpai, 57
Chun Doo Hwan, 18, 125-27, 128
civic action, 28, 53, 59, 83, 151, 154, 155, 159
civilian supremacy over the military, see, subservience of the military
civilianisation, 7, 8, 13, 19, 22, 28, 58, 88, 94-95, 96-97, 110, 121-22
Clapham C., 8
class, 3, 6-7, 16, 23, 24, 55, 57, 58, 66, 82, 102, 103, 125, 135, 139, 142, 161
Cohan, A.S., 4
Cohen, A.S., 92
communism, 11, 15, 20, 23, 26, 31, 33, 36, 39, 40, 41, 50, 51, 52-54, 59, 62, 64, 65, 68, 70, 72, 75, 76, 122, 123, 125
Communist Party of Thailand, 50, 53
Communist Party of the Philippines, 65
constitutionalism, 12-13
corporate interests of military, 3, 4, 13, 21, 24, 27, 54, 65, 82-83, 98, 108, 111
corruption, 5, 13, 36, 50, 56, 63, 77, 83, 94-95, 103, 109, 164
Council of Chiefs (Fiji), 143
coups, explanations of, 2, 4, 24-25;
occurence of 1-2, 10-11;
types of, 4
Crouch, H., 2, 4, 9, 32
culture, 22
curriculum, 44, 57, 61, 65, 125, 150
Daalder, H., 2, 3
Dademo, Robert, 165-66
Dahl, R.A., 12, 13
Danopoulos, C.P., 8
Dean, E., 146
Decalo, S., 3, 120
democracy, 1, 12, 13, 27;
defined, 11-12;
and military, 10-11, 13-14;
measures of, 25-27;
Guided Democracy 16, 30;
‘Korean-style’, 124
Democrat Party (Thailand), 51, 57
Democratic Alliance of Burma, 87
democratisation, 9, 11, 14, 18, 19, 24, 28, 38, 42-46, 48, 49, 55, 56, 57, 58, 67-68, 101, 118, 119, 125, 127-29, 130-31, 146
de Pauw, J.W., 28
Dharsono, H., 34
Diamond, L., 9, 11, 62
Diro, Ted, 149, 151, 152, 156, 159, 161-63, 164-65, 169, 171
Dotaona, Lima, 165-66, 169
Dowse, R.E., 2
dwifungsi, 16, 23, 32, 34, 41, 111, 112
East Bengal Regiment, 107
East New Britain, 151
East Timor, 43, 46
economic performance, 3, 4, 16, 18, 22, 25, 39, 41, 49, 62-63, 67, 71, 77-78, 79-80, 91, 99, 102-03, 104, 121, 123-24, 125, 126, 127, 134
Eide, A., 133
elections, 1, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 30, 32, 39, 48, 50, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 78, 79, 80, 84, 86, 97, 100, 103, 110, 111, 115, 116, 117, 128, 129, 132, 133, 137, 139-40, 142, 144, 146-47, 148, 153, 158, 162
Enloe, C., 3, 142
Enrile, Juan Ponce, 66
Eri, Sir Serei (Vincent), 150, 165
Ershad, H.M., 20, 109, 111, 112, 117, 118
ethnicity, 1, 3, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 74, 75-76, 83, 87, 93-94, 100, 132, 138, 140, 142, 155-57, 165
Evans, G., 160
Ewins, R., 138
expenditure, military, 21, 35-36, 37, 40, 89, 91, 94, 99, 108, 152, 154-55, 167
external influences, 7, 16, 18, 45, 51, 69, 83, 84, 91, 108, 118, 146, 164-65
factions within the military, 3, 5, 15-16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 27, 38, 48, 52, 57, 65-66, 68, 93-94, 106-109, 118, 121-22, 125, 129
Fauji Foundation, 94
Fazlul Huq Moni, 104
Feith, H., 30
Fiji, 14, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 132-47, 148, 165; 133, 137, 138, 140, 146;
constitution of 1970, 133, 137, 139, 143, 144;
new constitution, 133, 136, 141, 145;
coups of 1987, 132-33, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146;
Deuba Accord, 143;
paramountcy of Fijian interests,
traditional authority (chiefs), 133, 136, 137-38, 139, 142-43, 144, 145, 146-47;
Council of Chiefs, 143
Finer, S.E., 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31, 95, 120, 128, 133-34
First, R., 3
Fitch, I.S., 130
Free-Thai Movement, 48
Freedom House, 5, 22, 25-26
Gallie, W.B., 11
Ganilau, Ratu Sir Penaia, 143, 144
Garcia, Carlos, 63, 64
Gastil, R.D., 64
General Voters Party (Fiji), 147
Glanville, Ian, 158
Goenawan Mohamad, 33
Golkar, 16, 22, 33, 36, 38, 40, 41
Goodman, L.W., 7, 9, 13, 14
Gordon, Sir Arthur Hamilton, 137, 138, 141
Gow, J., 3
Griffin, J., 153
Grundy, K.W., 10
guardian role, of military, 5, 7, 8, 18, 19, 28, 31, 44, 47, 51, 56, 90, 133, 135, 145, 146
Gul Hassan, 94
Guria, Kwago, 163, 165
Guyot, J.F., 3, 9
Habibie, B.J., 45
Hadenius, A., 12
Hakes, J.E., 3
Halpern, M., 2, 3
Hanahoe, 125
Hansen, H.B., 3
Harries-Jenkins, G., 12
Hastings, Peter, 151, 156, 173
Hatta, Mohammad, 30
Hawes, G., 67
Heatu, B., 150
Heeger, G.A., 4, 6, 8, 95
Hegarty, D., 162
Heinz, W.S., 9
Hernandez, C.G., 64
Herspring D.R., 11
Hewison, K., 11
Hoadley, J.S., 2, 4, 9
Hong, D.S., 129
Honiara Declaration, 171
Horowitz, D.L., 3, 4, 8
Huai, Tony, 163-64
Hukbalahap, 59, 62
Hunter, I.M., 151
Huntington, S.P., 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10-11, 13, 14, 22, 67, 120, 133
Hussey G., 150
independence, 19, 22, 25, 29, 30, 31, 35, 59, 62, 69, 70, 73, 75, 82, 88, 92, 101, 102, 104, 106, 115, 148, 152, 172
India, 74, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, 99, 103, 106, 107, 108, 112, 113, 114, 115
Indonesia, 2, 9, 11, 15-16, 17, 19, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29-46, 69, 110, 149, 151, 154, 162, 164-65, 174;
Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), 16, 31, 33-34, 36, 39, 40;
constitutional democracy, 30, 31;
democratisation, 39, 42-43, 45;
dwifungsi, 16, 32, 34, 41;
events of 1965, 32-33;
external influences, 33, 46;
Guided Democracy, 16, 30;
independence, 20, 30, 35;
Japanese occupation, 29, 35;
New Order, 16, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37-38, 39, 44, 46;
opsus, 37;
pemuda 29;
regional revolutions, 30, 31, 43;
succession, 39, 44, 45;
territorial system, 36
intelligence, military, 36, 37, 40, 96
Irian Jaya, 154
Issarapong Noonpakdi, 57
Jackman, R.W., 4
Jahan, R., 115
Jamaat-e-Islami, 96
Jamat-i-Islam, 105
Janowitz, M., 2, 3, 5, 28, 120
Japan, 29, 35, 48, 62, 73-74, 75, 82, 120, 123
Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini, 107, 108
Jenkins, D., 33, 37, 38, 41
Jinnah, Mohammad Ali, 92, 93
Johansen, R.C., 10
Johnson, J.J., 2
Junejo, Mohammad Khan, 96
Kabui, Joseph, 168
Kabwegyere, T.B., 3
Kachins, 71, 75
Kahin, G. McT., 29, 30
Kang, M., 123
Karennis, 71
Karens, 17, 71, 74, 75, 76, 86
Kashmir, 97
Kauona, Sam, 170
Kemal Idris, 34, 37
Kennedy C.H., 2, 4
Kerepia, Pious, 161
Khaled Mosharraf, 109
Khan, F.M., 113
Khin Yi, 70
Kim Dae Jung, 125, 128
Kim, J.H., 125
Kim Jae Kyu, 123, 124
Kim Jong Pil, 122
Kim, S.I., 128
Kim, S.J., 121, 122
Kim, Y.M., 18, 119, 120, 123
Kim Young Sam, 125, 128
Koenig, W., 70
Koninklijke Nederlansche Indische Leger (KNIL), 15-16, 35
Korea (South), 15, 18-19, 24, 25, 26, 119-31;
April uprising 1960, 121;
constitution, 122;
coup of 1961, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125;
Kwangju uprising, 120, 126, 127;
‘Korean style democracy’, 124;
New Military Group, 18, 123, 124-25, 126, 127, 129;
Total Security System, 123, 124;
Yushin system, 121, 122-25
Korea (North), 26, 123, 129
Korean War, 51, 120
Kriangsak, Chomanan, 53, 54
Kwangju Uprising, 120, 126, 127
La Palombara, J., 2
Labour Party, (Fiji), 132, 137, 139, 140, 147
Lahore Resolution of 1940, 115
Lal, B., 143
Laos, 52
Lapitan, A.E., 62, 66, 67
Latin America, 2, 4, 7, 9, 13, 14, 22, 121, 123, 124, 125, 130
Laurel, Salvador, 66
Lawson, S., 12, 20, 132, 135, 136, 138, 146
Lee, H.B., 120
Lee, J.M., 2, 6
Lefever, E., 2
Legge, J.D., 32
legitimacy, 7, 12, 13, 16, 19, 22, 93, 95, 105, 116, 126, 128, 133-36, 138, 139, 140, 143, 145, 146
Liberal Party (Philippines), 60
Liem Sioe Long, 36
Lifshulz, L., 108
Lintner, B., 81
Linz, J.J., 9, 11
Liaquat Ali Khan, 92
Liria, Y., 168
Lissak, M., 2, 7, 13
Lloyd, P.C., 3, 6
Lokinap, Rochus, 164, 165
Louscher, J.D., 2, 4
Lovell, J.P., 121
Lowa, Patterson, 149, 161
Lowenthal, A., 27
Luckham, A.R., 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 133-34, 145
Luz, G.A., 28
Lynch, Peter, 150, 151
MacArthur, Douglas, 61, 62
Magelang Military Academy, 42, 44
Magsaysay, Ramon, 59, 62, 63, 65
Malaysia, 9, 25, 26, 149, 152, 154, 174
Mamae Gago, 163, 164
Maniruzzaman, T., 104
Manus, 149, 163
Mara, Ratu Sir Kamisese, 132, 140, 142, 144, 147
Marcos, Ferdinand, 15, 20, 24, 25, 59, 64-67
Maung Maung, 70, 80
May, R.J., 9, 28, 148, 152, 153, 155, 167, 171, 174
Mazrui, A.A., 2, 3
McKinlay, R.D., 4
Melanesian Alliance, 161, 163,
Mench, P., 149
Mendelson, E.M., 7, 9, 71
middle class, see class
Middle East, 2, 4
military withdrawal, see withdrawal, to barracks
minority groups, 3, 71, 75, 81, 85, 86, 87, 91, 93-94, 113, 133; also see ethnicity
Mokis, S., 159
Momis, Fr John, 163, 169, 171
monarchy, 47, 48, 49, 51, 70
Mons, 71
Morrison, I., 74
Morrison, W., 152
Mountbatten, L., 74
Mujibur Rahman (Sheikh), 102-05, 106, 109, 110
Mujibism, 104
Mukti Bahini militia, 19, 106, 107
Murdani, L.B., 40, 42, 164
Murtopo, Ali, 36
Musa, Mohammad, 94
Muslim League (Pakistan), 92-95, 96, 105, 115
Nacionalista Party (Philippines), 60
Nahdlatul Ulama, 45
Nailatikau, Ratu Epeli, 142
Namaliu, Rabbie, 165, 168, 169, 170
Narokobi, B., 164
Nasution, A.H., 16, 34, 35, 36, 37
National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB), 87
National Federation Party (Fiji), 132, 137, 139, 147
National League for Democracy (NLD) (Burma), 17, 84
National Socialist Party (Thailand), 52
Nationalist Party (PNI) (Indonesia), 30
Nawaz Sharif, 99, 100
Ne Win, 17, 72, 76-83
Needler, M.C., 8
Nehru, J., 92
Nelson, H., 173
New Aspiration Party (NAP) (Thailand), 57
New Military Group, see Korea New Order, see Indonesia New People’s Army, 66
‘New professionalism’, see civilianisation New Society, see Philippines Nizam-i-Islam, 105
Noga, Ken, 163
Nordlinger, E.A., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 13, 104, 122, 143
North West Frontier Province, 93-94
Norton, R., 144
Nugroho, N., 44
Nuia, Leo, 169, 171, 172
Nun, J., 3
O’Donnell, G.A., 9, 124
O’Neill R., 150, 151, 161
Olewale, E., 150, 156
Oliver, D., 168
Olsen, E.A., 9
Ona, Francis, 168-69
Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM), 162, 164
Orkand Corporation, 2, 3-4
Osmeña, S., 62pemuda
Overholt, W.H., 61
Pacific Islands Regiment (PIR), 149, 152, 155, 156
Pais, Joe, 170
Pakhtuns, 93, 97
Pakistan, 15, 19, 22, 26, 88-100, 106, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116;
constitution, 88, 92, 93, 96, 98;
coups 88, 89;
dismissal of government 1990, 89, 99;
dissolution of National Assembly 1997, 98;
elections of 1988, 97, 100;
independence, 88, 92;
martial law, 88, 89, 93, 96;
partition, 88-89, 90
Palang Dham Party (Thailand), 57
Pancasila, 31
Pangu Pati (Papua New Guinea), 161, 164
Papua New Guinea, 14, 15, 20, 21, 24, 25-26, 27, 148-75;
‘barbecoup’, 170;
Bougainville rebellion, 153, 154, 158, 159, 167-72, 174;
constitution, 148, 152, 173;
Defence Cooperation Program (with Australia) 152, 153-54, 160, 164, 173;
‘Diro affair’, 161-62, 173;
independence, 148, 152, 172;
international security vs external defence, 149, 151-52, 156-60, 173-75;
politicisation of PNGDF, 161-66;
recruitment and ethnic balance, 155-57;
Papua New Guinea Independent Group, 162
paramilitary forces, 7, 10, 19, 28, 75, 108, 152, 160
paramountcy of Fijian interests, doctrine of, 20, 138, 140
Park Chung Hee, 18, 121-26
patronage, 61, 63, 116-17
Pears, Maurie, 149
Peipul, P., 154
Pembela Tanah Air (PETA), 15
‘People Power’ (Philippines), 17, 23, 66
People’s Party (Thailand), 51
Peoples Action Party (PAP) (Papua New Guinea), 165
Peoples Progress Party (PPP) (Papua New Guinea), 163, 164
Peoples Volunteer Organisation (PVO) (Burma), 17, 75
performance of military regimes, 4-5, 25-27
Perlmutter, A., 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 112, 133
personal ambition (as factor in coups), 3, 21, 24, 27, 48
Phao Sriyanon, 49
Philip, C.H., 113
Philippines, 14, 17, 20-21, 22, 24-25, 26, 27, 28, 59-68;
Commonwealth of 1935, 59, 60;
coup attempts, 67-68;
democratisation, 67;
‘EDSA [‘People Power’] revolution’ 17, 23, 66;
independence, 59;
martial law, 59, 64-65;
New Society, 64;
Philippine Military Academy, 61, 65, 67;
RAM, 66, 67, 68;
ROTC, 61;
US influence, 59, 60-62, 65, 67
Phin, Chunhawan, 49
Pibul Songkram, 49, 51
Plato, 10
Poang, Tom, 162
Pokasui, James, 163, 164
police, 53, 61, 78, 95, 104, 109, 110, 129, 141, 142, 150, 152, 154, 156-58, 159-60, 161, 166, 168, 169, 173
political parties, 1, 5, 6, 8, 16, 17, 21, 22, 24, 29, 30, 33, 34, 40, 47, 49, 50, 55, 56, 59, 60, 64, 70, 72, 73, 76, 78, 79, 80, 83-84, 86, 95-96, 97, 101, 102, 104, 105, 110, 115, 116, 117, 118, 122, 128, 132, 139-40, 144, 146-47, 148, 153
politicisation of military, 112-15, 120, 125, 161-66, 173
Prem Tinasulanond, 50, 53, 55
Premdas, R., 152
private armies, 62, 75
professionalism, 1, 3, 7, 10-11, 14, 19, 24, 52, 57, 65, 75, 83, 88, 90, 97, 112, 122, 125, 130-31
Punjab, 93, 94, 97, 99, 100, 113
Pye, L., 2
Quezon, Manuel, 61
Rabuka, Sitiveni, 20, 24, 132-33, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147
Rachmat Witoelar, 41
Ramos, Fidel, 20, 66, 67, 68
Rapoport, D.C., 133
recruitment, 74, 89-90, 113, 114, 141-42, 155-56
Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM), 66-68
regime change, 9, 13-14, 27
regime vulnerability, 133-36, 144
Reyes, , L., 64
Rhee Syngman, 18, 120-21, 126
Rial, J., 7, 9, 14
Riggs, F., 2
Rizvi, H.A., 88, 90, 96
Robertson, R., 143, 144
Roh Tae Woo, 18, 125, 127-29, 130
role expansion, 7, 88
Rouquié, A., 3
Royal Fiji Military Forces (RFMF), 133, 142
Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC), 159, 160, 169
Royal Thai Army (RTA), 48, 52
Rudini, 41, 42
Rudolph, L.,113
Sabumei, Benais, 160
Saffu, Y., 142, 143, 165
Salim, Said, 29
Samudavanija, Chai-Anan, 48
San Yu, 82
Sanday, J., 141, 143
Sandhurst, 113
Sapta Marga, 31, 39
Sarit,Thanarat, 49, 52, 53
Sarkesian, S., 7
Sarwono Kusumaatmadja, 41
Saw Maung, 80, 83, 85
Scarr, D., 138
Schmitter, P.C., 4, 9
secession, 71, 151, 153, 168, 169, 171
Sein Lwin, 80, 82, 87
Seitz, S.T., 2, 3, 4
Selochan, V., 7, 9, 61, 63, 66, 67
Selth, A., 81
Shahabuddin Ahmed, 101
Shans, 71, 72, 75
Sharma, D., 142
Shils, E., 2
Sikh, 113
Silverstein, J., 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 79, 83, 86
Simatupang, T.B., 32, 33, 34
Sinclair, J., 149, 150, 161
Sindh, 94, 98, 99
Singapore, 9, 25, 26, 174
Smith Dun, 74, 76
Snitwongse, K., 51, 53, 57
Soedjati, D., J. 7, 9
Soekarno, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34
Soetan Sjahrir, 30
Sohn, H.K., 123
Solidarity Party (Thailand), 57
Solomon Islands, 172
Somare, Sir Michael, 151, 153, 161, 163, 164
Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (SVT), 147
Spriggs, M., 167, 168, 170
stability, political, 4-5, 20, 22, 24, 27, 31, 34, 39, 42, 43, 47, 49, 54, 55, 56, 58, 77, 89, 92, 102, 103, 111, 120, 125, 126, 141, 144, 145, 146
Standish, W., 166
State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), 17, 69, 83-87
Stepan, A., 7, 9, 14, 122
students, 49, 50, 53, 55, 73, 81, 102, 104, 122, 124, 125
subordination of the military to civilian authority, 1, 10, 12, 22, 52, 65, 88, 89, 92, 146, 152, 160, 174
succession, 39, 44, 124, 126, 134, 140
Suchinda Kraprayoon, 47, 55, 56-57
Sudharmono, 37, 40, 45
Sudirman, 35
Sudjono Hurmurdani, 36
Sudrajat, Edi, 42
Suharto, 11, 16, 17, 22, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35-36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 45
Sumitro, 34
Sundhaussen, U., 8, 22, 31, 151, 161
Sutjipto, 36
Sørensen, G., 12
Swiss army, 61
Taher, Abu, 108, 110
Tanah Abang Group, 36
Taukei movement, 140, 143, 144
Thailand, 7, 14, 18, 24, 25, 26, 47-58, 74; 1947, 48, 49, 50, 52;
Class 5 Group, 57;
coups of 1932, 48, 51; 1947, 48, 49, 50, 52; 1957, 49; 1958, 49; 1976, 49, 50, 53; 1977, 49, 53; 1981, 54; 1985, 54; 1991, 47, 50, 55;
democratisation, 48, 49-50, 54-56, 57-58;
monarchy, 47, 48, 49, 51;
uprisings of 1973, 49, 54, 55; 1992, 55, 56-58;
‘Young turks’, 55, 57
Thakins, 73, 75
Than Shwe, 85, 86
Thanin Kraivixien, 53
Thanom Kittikachorn, 52
Thee, M., 133
‘Thirty Heroes’, 74
Thompson, W.R., 3, 4, 134, 135
Tikka Khan, 94
Tin Pe, 77, 82
Tin U, 69, 84, 86
Tinker, H., 76
Tohian, Paul, 166, 169, 170
Tonga, 9, 25-26
‘total security system’ (Korea), 123, 124
training, see curriculum
transitions to democracy, see democratisation
Try Sutrisno, 45
U Nu, 16, 72, 73
U San Yu, 79
U Thant, 81
UN Commission on Human rights, 85
United Front (Bangladesh), 115
United Nations, 85
United Thai People Party (Thailand), 52
USA, 10, 20, 52, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 67, 91, 114, 118, 120, 126, 127, 153
Uttar Pradesh, 94, 97
Valenzuela, A., 2, 11
van Gils, M.R., 12
Varas, A., 14
Vatikiotis, M., 29, 39
Vietnam, 26, 51, 52
von Clausewitz, C., 10
von der Mehden, F.R., 2
Warubu, K., 150
Welch, C.E., 2, 4, 5, 7, 8
West Point, 52, 57, 61
Western Samoa, 26
Westminster system, 148
Wingti, Paias, 163, 164, 165, 166
withdrawal, to barracks, 3, 5, 7-8, 22, 27-28, 84, 87
World Bank, 61
Wurfel, D., 68
Yahya Khan, 19, 88, 94
Yoon, W.Z., 74
Yun Po Sun, 122
Yushin system, see, Korea
Zagorski, P.W., 7
Zakaria, H.A., 9
Zia ul Haq, 19, 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
Ziaur Rahman, 19, 109-11
Zolberg, A., 2
Zuk, G., 4
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